Abstract

A big country with a large population of smallholders is the fundamental realities of China and has a decisive influence on the success or failure of rural collective action. Based on the farmland irrigation system, this book starts from the perspective of small-scale peasants' farmland fragmentation, and uses Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework and Social-ecological System (SES) framework to discuss the logic of small-scale peasants' participation in the rural irrigation collective action. It analyzes the impact of farmland fragmentation on rural irrigation collective action, reveals the mechanism and makes an in-depth analysis of the causes of the impact. The results show that the degree of farmland fragmentation in China is relatively high, which seriously restricts the formation of rural irrigation collective action. Although it is difficult to change the negative effect of farmland fragmentation on rural irrigation collective action, effective institutional rules can weaken the negative effect of farmland fragmentation on collective action to a certain extent. The effect of farmland fragmentation on the rural irrigation collective action in China is not shown directly, but plays a role through different mediating factors. Specifically, farmland fragmentation reduces peasants' dependency on agricultural production, restrains the formation of irrigation rules, and increases the economic pressure faced by peasants when they engage in rural irrigation collective action, thus resulting in the overall decline of China's rural irrigation collective action. On the one hand, this book enriches the existing theories related to collective action, especially making an important supplement to IAD framework and SES framework, which has important theoretical value. On the other hand, this book reveals the internal mechanism of farmland fragmentation affecting rural irrigation collective action, which exerts important guiding significance on the overall improvement of rural collective action capacity in the future.

摘  要

中国作为一个拥有庞大农业人口的大国，其基本国情对农村集体行动的成败具有决定性影响。本书以农田灌溉制度为切入点，从小农户土地细碎化的视角出发，运用制度分析与发展（IAD）框架以及社会生态系统（SES）框架，探讨了小农户参与农村灌溉集体行动的逻辑。书中分析了土地细碎化对农村灌溉集体行动的影响，揭示了其内在机制，并对产生这种影响的原因进行了深入剖析。 研究结果表明，中国土地细碎化的程度相对较高，严重制约了农村灌溉集体行动的形成。尽管很难改变土地细碎化对农村灌溉集体行动产生的负面效应，但有效的制度规则可以在一定程度上弱化这种负面影响。在中国，土地细碎化对农村灌溉集体行动的影响并非直接显现，而是通过不同的中介因素发挥作用。具体而言，土地细碎化降低了农户对农业生产的依赖度，抑制了灌溉规则的形成，并增加了农户参与农村灌溉集体行动时面临的经济压力，从而导致中国农村灌溉集体行动的整体衰退。 一方面，本书丰富了现有的集体行动相关理论，特别是对IAD框架和SES框架做出了重要补充，具有重要的理论价值。另一方面，本书揭示了土地细碎化影响农村灌溉集体行动的内在机制，对未来全面提升农村集体行动能力具有重要的指导意义。